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Membrane-mimetic systems for the structural characterization of membrane proteins by cryo-electron microscopy
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Summary:
Background: Membrane proteins are central to cellular function and of great pharmacological interest. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has revolutionised pharmaceutical research by providing high-resolution protein structures that enable the discovery of new drug targets. Recent advances in cryo-EM and the development of membrane-mimetic systems, including amphiphilic copolymers, have expanded our ability to study these proteins. In this work, we explore the structural role of lipids in protein interactions, focusing on the challenges of using detergents as membrane mimetics.
Preliminary work: As part of the research, the structure of formate channel A (FocA) in n-dodecyl-β-D-maltoside (DDM) micelles was successfully resolved to 3.1 Å using cryo-EM. This allowed detailed modelling of the pentameric structure, revealing compartmentalised polarity and detergent densities. The use of detergents as membrane mimetics reveals their limitations in preserving molecular structure and function, which may have implications for drug development.
Objectives: Research objectives include evaluating the suitability of recently developed amphiphilic copolymers for solubilising artificial multicomponent vesicles that mimic native lipid compositions. These nanodiscs will then be characterised to determine their size and morphology. The ultimate goal is to create an environment very similar to the native membrane to study membrane proteins.
Methods: Various amphiphilic copolymers were tested for their ability to solubilise artificial vesicles mimicking different lipid compositions. Sulfo-DIBMA showed the best performance and was used to solubilise native membranes of the thermophilic fungus Chaetomium thermophilum. The extracted membrane proteins were purified and their structures elucidated by cryo-EM and mass spectrometry.
Implications: This work demonstrates the efficient solubilisation of artificial and natural membranes with functionalised amphiphilic copolymers, enabling the structural analysis of membrane protein complexes in a near-native state. This has the potential to significantly improve structure-based drug discovery and the elucidation of previously unappreciated membrane protein complexes, contributing to scientific and educational advances.
Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals : The research is aligned with several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It supports Goal 3 (SDG 3, Good Health and Wellbeing) by improving our understanding of membrane proteins, which can have implications for drug development and thus quality healthcare. It also supports Goal 4 (SDG 4, Quality Education) by contributing to advances in education through knowledge creation and dissemination in the academic community. It also aligns with Goal 9 (SDG 9, Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure) by driving advances in structural biology and pharmaceutical research, and with Goal 12 (SDG 12, Responsible Consumption and Production) by minimising the environmental impact of research materials. Finally, it contributes to Goal 17 (SDG 17, Partnerships for the Goals) by promoting collaboration and knowledge sharing through publications and joint research efforts, thereby supporting global educational and scientific progress.

Anmerkungen

1.3 Magna cum laude

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Publikationen

2022
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2021
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